PAGE 60,132 NAME Dvorak TITLE Dvorak.com version 1.5 COMMENT Precis: Dvorak.Com remaps your AT keyboard to the Dvorak layout. It is a TSR that takes 288 bytes of RAM. MASM source is provided for you to create variants or so you can roll your own TSRs to swap or rearrange selected keys in ways completely unrelated to the Dvorak layout. The code is well commented and serves as a teaching example on keyboard TSRs. Limitations: AT only, no XT. Requires AT-style INT 15 multiplex BIOS interrupt support. No hot key enable/disable. No safety code to prevent loading twice. Copyrighted, but may be freely copied for non-military use only. This program may be freely copied and used for any purpose except military. Usage: insert this command near the end of your autoexec.bat file: Dvorak It will translate your keyboard to Dvorak layout. Note it only works on AT computers. XT computers require a more complex method. NOTE: There is no way to get rid of Dvorak except by rebooting. There is no hot key to enable or disable it. There are several reasons for this: 1. If you have modified your keyboard to DSK keycap layout, you could not type QWERTY on it anyway. Thus there never any need to disable DVORAK. 2. Leaving out Hot key support keeps the code very small -- under 1K. 3. If you really needed to disable it, you could use Mark/Release. 4. I wanted this code to be a teaching example. I did not want to have any more complications that necessary. Please report bugs and problems to: Roedy Green Canadian Mind Products #327 - 964 Heywood Avenue Victoria, BC Canada V8V 2Y5 tel:(250) 361-9093 mailto:roedy@mindprod.com http://mindprod.com Version History *************** Dvorak 1.0 was released to BIX on 1990 June 23 Dvorak 1.1 1990 June 27 - fix bug so that now the environment is released. Missing INT 21h - now close StdIn and StdOut so piping will not lose a handle. Dvorak 1.2 1991 October 11 - just added comments about how the progam works Dvorak 1.3 1993 June 8 - embed address and phone number - more documentation on trouble shooting. Version 1.4 1996 October 25 - embed POB 707 Quathiaski Cove address version 1.5 1998 November 8 - embed Barker address What Dvorak is for ****************** Dvorak lets you use a faster, saner keyboard layout. Also Dvorak is a skeleton program to write your own compact keyboard remapping routines. The foreign language support routines that come with DOS take up too much RAM. There is no support for the Dvorak layout. How Dvorak Works **************** For the AT we leave a small TSR resident that intercepts the INT 15 4F keyboard remap interrupt that gets triggered by hardware every time there is a keystroke event (down or up). We translate the scan code to a different value. The way XT BIOS is designed, there is no INT 15 4F, so this program will not work. A scan code comes through whenever a key is pressed, and again, when it is released. The scan code for release is the same as the scan code for press, except it has the high bit on. The Dvorak Layout ***************** Esc F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 ~ ! @ # $ % ^ @ * ( ) | + { Bsp ` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 \ = [ Tab " < > P Y F G C R L ? } ' , . p y f g c r l / ] CapsLock A O E U I D H T N S ___ Ent a o e u i d h t n s - Shf : Q J K X B M W V Z Shf ; q j k x b m w v z Ctrl Alt Space Alt Ctrl The original QWERTY Layout ************************** Esc F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 ~ ! @ # $ % ^ @ * ( ) --- + | Bsp ` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = \ Tab Q W E R T Y U I O P { } q w e r t y u i o p [ ] CapsLock A S D F G H J K L : " Ent a s d f g h j k l ; ' Shf Z X C V B N M < > ? Shf z x c v b n m , . / Ctrl Alt Space Alt Ctrl Feel free to modify the translate table to better fit the eccentricities of your keyboard. How to Assemble *************** to assemble with MASM 6.0 use: ML.EXE /AT /c /Fl /Fm /Zf /Zm DVORAK.Asm LINK.EXE /TINY /MAP DVORAK.Obj,DVORAK.com,DVORAK.map; to assemble with OPTASM use: Optasm DVORAK.Asm,DVORAK.Obj,DVORAK.Lst/L/N/G/S OLINK DVORAK.Obj,DVORAK.COM,/MAP/TINY; Extensions ********** You can modify the translate tables to create arbitrary keyswapping programs. They may be as simple as swapping CapsLock and Ctrl, or as complex as a left-handed Dvorak layout. To do that all you need do is remove the list of CHANGE macros defining a Dvorak layout and replace them with these two: CHANGE _CapsLk,_Ctrl CHANGE _Ctrl,_CapsLk Dvorak is simple. It cannot map a key differently in Ctrl or Shift mode. It cannot generate keystrokes not on the keyboard such as accents. If you want to do that see ESPAN which is more complex version of Dvorak that lets you map the lower and upper function of each key separately, create accents, dead keys, ignored keys etc. However you might not need the full power of ESPAN, so you might just monitor E0 in the FIELD routines, to for example swap LEFT ctrl with Capslock but leave RIGHT ctrl unmolested. You would have to dynamically modify the the translate table to map the presses and releases. end of comment CODE SEGMENT PARA ASSUME CS:CODE,DS:CODE ORG 100H ;============================================================== ; Configuration EQUATES ;============================================================== ; Register Conventions ; ; All subroutines are permitted to trash whatever registers ; they like. It is the caller's responsibility to save ; and restore registers. For speed, callers cheat and only ; save registers they know the called program changes. ; In a few cases, subroutines do save/restore some registers. ;============================================================== SAY MACRO Msg ;; display message on screen LEA DX,&Msg ;; use LEA rather than ;; MOV Offset for more generality MOV AH,09h ;; some assemblers will optimise this. INT 21h ENDM ;============================================================== CHANGE MACRO old,new ;; build two bytes of the translate table ORG TRT+(&old and 07Fh) ;; translate downstroke DB (&new AND 07Fh) ;; high bit off ORG TRT+(&old OR 080h) ;; translate the release DB (&new OR 080h) ;; high bit on ENDM ;============================================================== ; MAINLINE PROGRAM Dvorak PROC FAR START: JMP Init ; Mainline disposable Init routine ; uses TRAP to set up vectors to ; FIELD which later ; does the real work. ;============================================================== ; VARIABLES RealInt15Off DW 0 ; offset of original INT15 BIOS code ; More likely will be pointer to ; entry point of some other TSR ; already hooked onto INT 15. RealInt15Seg DW 0 ; Seg of original INT15 BIOS code ;============================================================== FIELD Proc Far ; Field (intercept and handle) INT 15 Interrupt PUSHF CMP AH,04Fh ; is this function 4F? JNE NotStroke ; 4F is the peek at keystroke interrupt IsStroke: ; We translate the keystroke in AL PUSH BX XOR BH,BH MOV BL,AL MOV AL,CS:TRT[BX] POP BX ; Fall through to let other INT 15 AF handlers have a crack. NotStroke: ; We simply want to jump to ; the original INT 15, POPF ; or give any other INT 15 AF handlers a bash ; at the character as well. JMP CS: DWORD PTR [RealInt15Off] FIELD EndP ;============================================================== ; E Q U A T E S F O R S C A N C O D E S B Y N A M E ; ; We use SYSTEM scan codes, not keyboard scan codes. ; INT 15 will see codes after the keyboard controller has ; translated them. ; Upper and lower case A use the same scan code as do 1 and ! for example. ; When a key is duplicated on the numeric keypad and on the arrow ; keypad, both use the same code, but the arrow keypad gets an E0 prefix. ; This is a very simple minded translate program. It does not look for ; E0 characters. It does the same translation for both the prefixed and ; plain characters. ; The E0 characters themselves get passed through unmolested. ; The press down codes shown have the high bit off. The release ; codes are the same with the high bit on. _ESC EQU 01h ; Esc _1 EQU 02h ; 1 ! _2 EQU 03h ; 2 @ _3 EQU 04h ; 3 # _4 EQU 05h ; 4 $ _5 EQU 06h ; 5 % _6 EQU 07h ; 6 ^ _7 EQU 08h ; 7 & _8 EQU 09h ; 8 * _9 EQU 0Ah ; 9 ( _0 EQU 0Bh ; 0 ) _Minus EQU 0Ch ; - _ _Eq EQU 0Dh ; = + _BS EQU 0Eh ; backspace <- _Tab EQU 0Fh ; Tab -> _Q EQU 10h ; Q _W EQU 11h ; W _E EQU 12h ; E _R EQU 13h ; R _T EQU 14h ; T _Y EQU 15h ; Y _U EQU 16h ; U _I EQU 17h ; I _O EQU 18h ; O _P EQU 19h ; P _LSq EQU 1Ah ; [ { _RSq EQU 1Bh ; ] } _Enter EQU 1Ch ; Enter _Ctrl EQU 1Dh ; Ctrl (left or right) _A EQU 1Eh ; A _S EQU 1Fh ; S _D EQU 20h ; D _F EQU 21h ; F _G EQU 22h ; G _H EQU 23h ; H _J EQU 24h ; J _K EQU 25h ; K _L EQU 26h ; L _Semi EQU 27h ; ; : _Quote EQU 28h ; ' " _Grave EQU 29h ; ` ~ _LShift EQU 2Ah ; Left Shift _BSlash EQU 2Bh ; \ | _Z EQU 2Ch ; Z _X EQU 2Dh ; X _C EQU 2Eh ; C _V EQU 2Fh ; V _B EQU 30h ; B _N EQU 31h ; N _M EQU 32h ; M _Comma EQU 33h ; , < _Period EQU 34h ; . > _Slash EQU 35h ; / ? _RShift EQU 36h ; Right Shift _PrtSc EQU 37h ; PrintScreen _Alt EQU 38h ; left Alt, Right alt uses same code with E0 prefix _Space EQU 39h ; Space _CapsLk EQU 3Ah ; CapsLock _F1 EQU 3Bh ; function key F1 _F2 EQU 3Ch ; function key F2 _F3 EQU 3Dh ; function key F3 _F4 EQU 3Eh ; function key F4 _F5 EQU 3Fh ; function key F5 _F6 EQU 40h ; function key F6 _F7 EQU 41h ; function key F7 _F8 EQU 42h ; function key F8 _F9 EQU 43h ; function key F9 _F10 EQU 44h ; function key F10 _NumLk EQU 45h ; NumLock _ScLk EQU 46h ; ScrollLock _Home EQU 47h ; Home 7 _UP EQU 48h ; ^ arrow 8 _PgUp EQU 49h ; PgUp 9 _PadMin EQU 4Ah ; Keypad minus _Left EQU 4Bh ; <- 4 _Pad5 EQU 4Ch ; 5 on keypad _Right EQU 4Dh ; -> 6 _PadPls EQU 4Eh ; Keypad plus _End EQU 4Fh ; End 1 _Down EQU 50h ; v arrow 2 _PgDn EQU 51h ; PgDn 3 _Ins EQU 52h ; Ins 0 _Del EQU 53h ; Del . _Sys EQU 54h ; SysRequest _Less EQU 56h ; < > _F11 EQU 57h ; function key 11 (not always present) _F12 EQU 58h ; function key 12 (not always present) ; pause button simultates a Ctrl-Numlock. ; ; You can use the PC PowerTools utility, SCAN, to find out what codes your ; keyboard is generating. To stop SCAN, hit the space bar. ; You may have to adjust the above table slightly. ; ;============================================================== ; The translate table, to handle BOTH press and release codes. TRT Label Byte ; build default translate table 256 bytes long ; 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,...,254,255 ; so each byte gets translated to itself ; so for example hex E0 gets left alone ; Each press code with high bit off gets translated ; to same code with the high bit off, and each ; release code with the high bit on gets ; translated to that same code with the ; high bit on. Count = 0 REPT 256d db Count Count = Count + 1 ENDM ;============================================================== ; Insert your translations here! ; They will override the default null translations. ; ; CHANGE FROM,TO ; usual code, new code when you press that key ; We are using SYSTEM SCAN CODES, NOT the ASCII codes! ; ; e.g. To Swap Caplock and Ctrl: ; CHANGE _CapsLk,_Ctrl ; CHANGE _Ctrl,_CapsLk ; ; All keys not mentioned will be left as is. ; ; QWERTY `1234567890-=\ most of top row is left unchanged ; Dvorak `1234567890\=[ ; QWERTZ ^1234567890 ; TypeII ^1234567890+< ;_Grave remains unchanged CHANGE _Minus,_RSq ; -> + CHANGE _Eq,_Less ; -> < ?Code for <>? ; QWERTY QWERTYUIEP[] ; Dvorak ',.PYFGCRL/] ; QWERTZ QWERTZUIOP+ ; TypeII ,.PYFGCTZ?/ CHANGE _Q,_LSq ; Q -> CHANGE _W,_Comma CHANGE _E,_Period CHANGE _R,_P CHANGE _T,_Z ;T -> Y CHANGE _Y,_F CHANGE _U,_G CHANGE _I,_C CHANGE _O,_T CHANGE _P,_Y ;P -> Z CHANGE _LSq,_Minus ;leider ? nicht ? , ESPAN is needed CHANGE _RSq,_RSq ; unchanged need also ESPAN cause there is no / \ ; QWERTY ASDFGHJKL;' ; Dvorak AOEUIDHTNS- ; QWERTZ ASDFGHJKL# ; TypeII AOEIUHDRNSL- CHANGE _A,_A ; unchanged CHANGE _S,_O CHANGE _D,_E CHANGE _F,_I ; I und U sind vertauscht CHANGE _G,_U CHANGE _H,_H ; H und D sind vertauscht CHANGE _J,_D CHANGE _K,_R CHANGE _L,_N CHANGE _Semi,_S CHANGE _Quote,_L ; -> L CHANGE _BSlash,_Slash ;#' -> -_ ( ;\ -> -_) ; QWERTY ZXCVBNM,./ ; Dvorak ;QJKXBMWVZ ; QWERTZ CHANGE _Z,_Semi ; unchanged y -> CHANGE _X,_Q CHANGE _C,_J CHANGE _V,_K CHANGE _B,_X CHANGE _N,_B CHANGE _M,_M ; unchanged CHANGE _Comma,_W CHANGE _Period,_V CHANGE _Slash,_BSlash ;- -> # ;============================================================== ORG TRT+256d ; get to the end ;============================================================== ;============================================================== ;============================================================== ;============================================================== ; Everything below this line is disposable initialization code. ; It is thrown away and is not part of the resident code. ;============================================================== ;============================================================== ;============================================================== ;============================================================== ;============================================================== DISPOSE: ;============================================================== Init Proc Near ; Intialize Dvorak then Terminate and Stay Resident Say CopyRightMsg ; CopyRight banner CALL Trap ; redirect INT15 vector CALL TSR ; exit to DOS Init EndP ;============================================================== TRAP Proc Near ; ; redirect the INT 15 to FIELD ; Save real Int 15 vector MOV AX,3515h ; get vector for multiplex int 15 INT 21H ; vector in ES:BX MOV RealInt15Seg,ES ; save real vector MOV RealInt15Off,BX ; Set up our Int 15 vector ; DS:DX is vector. DS ok already. MOV DX,Offset Field MOV AX,2515h ; set vector for mulitplex int 15 INT 21H ; set vector from DS:DX RET TRAP EndP ;============================================================== TSR Proc Near ; Terminate and Stay Resident mov ES,DS:[2Ch] ; pointer to environment mov ah,49h ; free ram allocated to the SET enviroment INT 21h MOV AH,3Eh ; Close StdIn MOV BX,0 ; Avoid holding onto a handle if INT 21H ; foolish user typed Dvorak NUL: MOV AX,3100H ; Terminate and Stay Resident function ; Exit to DOS MOV DX,((Dispose-Start)+100h+15d)/16d INT 21h ; paragraphs to keep resident ; 100h accounts for PSP. ; 15d rounds up to next para. ; We can throw away all ; initialization code. TSR EndP ;============================================================== ; Disposable Variables ;============================================================== ; Messages are all disposable, needed only during initialization. CopyRightMsg LABEL BYTE DB ' Dvorak 1.5 ۲',13,10 DB 13,10 DB 'Translate QWERTZ keyboard to German Dvorak layout',13,10 DB 13,10 DB 'copyright (c) 1991-2003 Roedy Green, Canadian Mind Products',13,10 DB 'Cristian Conitzer Mrz 2003' DB '#327 - 964 Heywood Avenue, Victoria, BC Canada V8V 2Y5',13,10 DB 'tel:(250) 361-9093 mailto:roedy@mindprod.com http://mindprod.com',13,10 DB 'This program may be freely copied and used for any purpose except military.',13,10,'$' ;============================================================== Dvorak ENDP CODE ENDS END START